The Low-temperature Viscosity of Glass

JSGT 1952 V36 T196-T216

By measurements of the time required for a glass fibre to elongate under a known load, the low-temperature viscosity values were obtained and are illustrated graphically for 106 glasses covering the following wide molecular composition ranges : (1) Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe^2-3+ replacing Mg²⁺ in the glass: 5SiO₂.Na₂O.MgO; (2) Cu²⁺ replacing Mg²⁺ and K⁺ and Li⁺ replacing Na⁺ in a base glass: 6P₂O₅.Na₂O.2MgO.Al₂O₃; (3) Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ replacing Mg²⁺ in a base glass: 5B₂O₃.Na₂O.MgO; (4) K⁺ for Na⁺ in a base glass: 3SiO₂.Na₂O.BaO/MgO/CuO; (5) K⁺ for Na⁺ in a base glass: 5B₂O₃.Na₂O; (6) Ti⁴⁺, Th⁴⁺, Zr⁴⁺, Ge⁴⁺, AI³⁺, Ga³⁺, In³⁺, B³⁺, P⁵⁺, V⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺ and Sb⁵⁺ all replacing Si⁴⁺ in a base glass 3SiO₂.Na₂O.

Lewis C. Hoffman, T. A. Kupinski, Ram Lakhan Thakur & W. A. Weyl